Common Terms
Before we get started, here is some common terminology for the field of Forensic Science.
By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you will be better prepared and understand more about this field.
Angle of Impact
The angle of impact is the angle formed at the crossing of a blood drop and the plane of the surface it hits.
AFIS
AFIS stands for Automated Fingerprint Identification System. It scans fingerprints and compares fingerprints with other fingerprints in the database.
Chain of Custody
The chain of custody is a written record or log of every person that has been in contact with a piece of evidence.
CODIS
CODIS stands for “Combined DNA Index System.” This is an FBI-created database that collects all DNA information and allows authorities to link violent crimes to each other.
Contamination
Pollution or damage to a crime scene that can alter the outcome of an investigation.
DNA Profiling
DNA profiling is the collection of specific DNA evidence from a person or tissue sample
Expert Witness
A person that is chosen to testify in trial as a professional or person with special knowledge
Fibers
Fibers are important to forensics as some can tie back to specific pieces of clothing, rugs, furniture, or blankets
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence is the legal system or study of law.
Locard’s Exchange Principle
The idea that the culprit of a crime will always bring something to a crime scene and leave behind some trace of evidence in their trail.
Pathology
The science of examining a corpse. Forensic pathologists are integral in determining the cause of death in an investigation.
Postmortem
Postmortem is the examination of a body after its death.
Suspect
A person of interest in a case.
Trace Evidence
Trace evidence is any small transfers of physical materials at a crime scene, including hairs, fibers, rope, soil, glass, fingerprints, etc.
Ultraviolet Light
Ultraviolet light is used to analyze documents, illuminate surfaces for traces like fingerprints, authenticate art or paintings, and much more.